![]() 1 It occurs in both humans and animals having a functional vestibular organ, when exposed to provocative acceleration profiles for a sufficient length of time. The word “nausea,” expressing the most prevalent symptom of motion sickness, is derived from the Greek word “naus” for ship. Motion sickness is a universal, age-old phenomenon, having its origins in the intercontinental migration of populations by sea. Thirty of the articles in this final pool are cited in our reference list. Department of Defense research reports) and 4 items from the reference lists of the selected articles. Of these, 74 were in English, and were used for our review, together with 19 nonpeer-reviewed documents (U.S. A search for the two terms in the title or abstract in all languages retrieved 100 articles. Further limiting the search fields to MeSH terms resulted in a total of 1,905 items. Limiting these results to the English language reduced this to 2,550 articles. The initial search of PubMed using the keywords “air sickness” and “airsickness” retrieved a total of 3,112 articles. The reference lists of each article were reviewed in detail to find additional articles. We located each document and reviewed the abstract or entire document if there was no abstract to determine if the document met our criteria. We also searched the Defense Technical Information Center database for research reports, and used Google Scholar to conduct a more general search for further items not PubMed listed. ![]() No documents were excluded based on date of publication. All searches were limited to studies published in English. A relatively small number of studies exist on the topic, so a “bottom-up” search strategy was required. No specific key words were required as inclusion criteria. We included documents that discussed airsickness in general, aircrew motion sickness incidence, habituation, and treatment. MEDLINE database searches were conducted in an iterative manner during the year 2013 to retrieve articles related to airsickness. We conducted a search of the literature for articles on the topic of airsickness. The clinical approach to this problem involves making a clear diagnosis for each individual and the provision of treatment that will enable him/her to function efficiently. Personnel active in these two fields are required to function effectively in the nonterrestrial environment. This also includes pilots engaged in operational activity conducted from Navy vessels at sea. The Motion Sickness and Human Performance Laboratory at the Israel Naval Medical Institute has for many years treated Air Force personnel suffering from airsickness. It also presents the experience of the Israeli flight academy, and our solution for Navy pilots who have to contend with the risk of seasickness before taking to the air. This review focuses on the characteristics, clinical evaluation, and treatment of airsickness. Although airsickness is a wellknown problem in aviation, we were unable to locate a review of this topic in the literature. The majority of aircrew undergo habituation to airsickness during their service, with a reduction in symptoms and improved function. The problem is particularly evident in pilot training, because of the high incidence of airsickness at this stage in the pilot's career. This is of major importance in the case of flight safety, when a pilot who is incapacitated may endanger the aircraft. ![]() Whereas commercial airline passengers may simply feel poorly, the effect of airsickness on military aircrew may lead to a decrement in performance and adversely affect the mission. Airsickness is one of the forms of motion sickness, and is of significance in both commercial and military flight.
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